Western Screech Owl
(Megascops kennicoti)
Habitat
Due to their wide distribution, western screech owls use a variety of habitats.
Habitat can vary from tropical coast lowlands to desert habitats in the south,
to temperate rain forests in the North. In general, these owls prefer partially
open country with many deciduous trees around, particularly oaks, sycamores
and riparian hardwoods.
Physical
Characteristics
Western screech owls are small owls measuring from 6.5 to 8 inches (16-20 cm)
in length with a wingspan of 20 to 22 inches (52-56 cm). Their body is gray to
brownish-gray in color with a streaked chest and belly. They have black bills
and yellow eyes. They have prominent ear tufts when they are raised. Like many
other raptor species, females and males are similar in color.
Western
screech owls are nocturnal. Their vocalizations consist of a series
of short whistles that increase in tempo near the end. They sometimes
will use a double trill tone when alarmed.
Life
Span
In both the wild and captivity, screech owls can live to about 13 years.
Diet
In the wild: The western screech owls hunt small mammals,
insects, snakes, lizards, frogs, small birds and even crayfish and
scorpions. In winter, when prey is scarce, screech owls have even been
seen attacking larger birds such as domestic ducks and pheasants. In
summer, these birds can often be seen hunting insects and moths around
street lamps.
At
the zoo: Mice, insects and coturnix quail.
Reproduction
It is believed that female and male western screech owls mate for life.
They vocalize heavily at the beginning of the breeding season and
will engage in mutual head-preening when a potential mate is found.
The breeding season is short, typically lasting from March to May.
Nest sites in the western screech owl vary greatly according to
habitat. Favorite nest choices include natural tree hollows and
cavities excavated by woodpeckers. They lay two to seven eggs that
are incubated mainly by the female for 30 days.
Life Cycle
Young chicks are ready to leave the nest at 30-32 days of
age and the success rate of reaching fledging age is quite high, around
73% of eggs hatched in the nest. Being hit by automobiles is a large
mortality factor in the first year of life in western screech owls.
Screech or no
Screech?
The western screech owl has two distinct calls, neither of which are a screech.
The first call is often described as a bouncing ball. It is a series of even
and distinct notes, which start slowly then accelerate and runs together, like
a ball that bounces more quickly as the bounce gets smaller. The second call,
used when a male and female are dueting, is a short trill followed quickly
by a longer one.
Location
at the Zoo
A western
screech owl is housed at the Raptor Center at the zoo. He is missing
a wing and is only visible to the public when being handled or when
used in education programs. Great horned, spectacled and barred owls
can be seen at the raptor center along with the bald eagle, gyrfalcon
and turkey vulture. A spotted owl or great gray owl can be found
in the Temperate Forest adjacent to Bug World, snowy
owls are on display in the Northern Trail exhibit and a barn owl
can be located at the Family Farm.
Conservation
Connection
In many areas, screech
owls have suffered substantial habitat losses. On the other hand,
relatively abundant food supply and probable increased protection
from great horned owls has allowed screech owls to become more abundant
in city parks and suburban areas.
Many raptor species are in trouble. Human-caused changes in land
use are escalating, and this affects the habitats and migratory corridors
required by some raptors for survival. Vast forests are being removed
for timber and other paper products, and industrial emissions are
polluting water and air resources. Critical shoreline and riparian
zone habitats are being rapidly converted by expanding human communities
and agricultural needs. Shooting and trapping are also lowering raptor numbers.
It's only a matter of time until more raptor species may face extinction,
unless we take measures to protect their habitats.
Humans need raptors. Here are only a few of the benefits raptors provide:
- Raptors help keep
animal populations in balance.
- Raptors consume
many animals that humans consider as pests, including mice, rats
and destructive species of insects. This helps to control disease
and damage to crops.
- As top predators
of their food chain, raptors are an indicator species of the overall
health of the ecosystem in which they live.
- Of equal importance,
witnessing wild raptors enriches each of our lives. Imagine what
life would be like if we could no longer gaze upon the grandeur
of raptors soaring high above.
How You Can
Help!
Efforts to save threatened and endangered raptors require cooperation and support
at international, national, regional and individual levels. You can help in
this cause. Join and become active in Woodland Park Zoo and other conservation
organizations of your choice. Recycle forest products. Eliminate or reduce
pesticide use. Support breeding programs for endangered birds of prey at zoos
and other animal care organizations. Let your elected representatives know
your views about the conservation of migratory birds and their wild habitats.
Contact Woodland Park Zoo at webkeeper@zoo.org to find ways you
can support conservation programs at the zoo. Discover more about raptors by
contacting the Peregrine Fund at their Web site www.peregrinefund.org.
Learn other ways you can help conserve wildlife and their habitats by visiting our How You Can Help page.
Sources and
Suggested Reading
Burton, J.A. (editor). 1992 (third ed.). Owls of the World: Their Evolution,
Structure and Ecology. E.P. Dutton, New York, NY. 216 p.
For Kids!
Jarvis, Kila and Denver W. Holt. 1996. Owls: Whoo Are They? Mountain
Press Publishing Company, Missoula, MT. 59 p.Zoobooks. 1992. Owls.
Wildlife Education, Ltd., San Diego, CA. 17 p.